CPT vs. OPT for F-1 Students: What’s the Difference?
Learn the difference between CPT and OPT for F-1 visa students!
Author Name: Cosmina B
If you’re an international student on an F-1 visa, you’ve likely come across the terms CPT (Curricular Practical Training) and OPT (Optional Practical Training). These programs offer amazing opportunities to gain real-world experience in the USA, but they serve different purposes and come with unique requirements. Let’s break it down so you can make the best choice for your academic and career goals!
What is CPT?
Curricular Practical Training (CPT) is designed to give F-1 students hands-on experience in their field of study while they’re still in school. Think of it as an internship or training program that’s part of your curriculum.
Key Features:
- Must be directly tied to your academic program (like a required internship or part of a course credit).
- Can be part-time (up to 20 hours/week) during school or full-time during school breaks.
- Requires authorization from your school’s Designated School Official (DSO) and approval noted on your Form I-20.
- Full-time CPT for over 12 months makes you ineligible for OPT, so plan wisely!
How to Apply:
- Begin working only after you’ve been approved!
- Secure a job offer relevant to your field of study.
- Work with your school’s DSO to request CPT authorization.
What is OPT?
Optional Practical Training (OPT) is a broader work authorization program for F-1 students, allowing you to gain work experience related to your major before or after graduation.
Key Features:
- Comes in two types:
- Pre-completion OPT: Work while you’re still studying (limited to part-time during classes).
- Post-completion OPT: Work full-time after you finish your degree.
- You get 12 months of OPT for each degree level (bachelor’s, master’s, Ph.D.).
- STEM majors can apply for a 24-month extension, giving them a total of 36 months of OPT.
How to Apply:
- File a request with your DSO to get the OPT recommendation on your I-20.
- Submit Form I-765 (Application for Employment Authorization) to USCIS.
- Wait for your Employment Authorization Document (EAD) before you can start working.
What’s the Big Difference?
| Feature | CPT | OPT |
|---|---|---|
| Timing | During your studies | During or after your studies |
| Job Relevance | Must be tied to your coursework | Must relate to your major |
| Authorization | School approval only | Requires USCIS approval |
| Work Limitations | No EAD needed; can start quickly after approval | EAD required; may take months |
| Duration | No set limit but watch out for the 12-month rule | 12 months (plus STEM extension) |
StayLonger’s Tip
Planning ahead is everything! Use CPT wisely so you don’t impact your eligibility for OPT later. And when it’s time to apply for OPT, start early—it can take USCIS several months to process your application.
Need guidance on maximizing your F-1 visa opportunities? The StayLonger team is here to help you navigate the complexities of CPT and OPT so you can focus on achieving your academic and career dreams in the USA. Reach out to us today and take the next step toward your future! Let us help you embark on a journey full of new horizons and unforgettable ports of call!
